Here is a collection of highlights from this week's news stream as reported by HPCwire.

Supermicro Delivers Platinum Level Servers

Tokyo Institute of Technology Selected as Japan's First CUDA Center of Excellence

Criterion HPS Unveils the Phantom Extreme Featuring Intel Xeon 5600 Processors

Woodward Taps IBM High Performance Cloud Services to Simulate Aircraft Component Design

GridCentric Announces Copper Cluster Management Software

NVIDIA Quadro GPUs Are Certified for AutoCAD

NCAR Orders Cray XT5 Supercomputer

RenderStream Announces Its VDAC 8-16 GPU Systems

Fixstars Releases 'The OpenCL Programming Book'

Lomonosov Supercomputer Tops New Russian List of Most Powerful HPC Systems

AccelerEyes Upgrades Jacket Software for GPU Computing

New Computer Cluster Ups the Ante for Notre Dame Research

Xilinx Helps University of Regensburg Launch Most Power-Efficient Supercomputer

Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center Accelerates Scientific Research with SGI Altix UV

Software Design Technique Allows Programs to Run Faster

New AMAX Solutions Powered by NVIDIA Tesla 20-Series GPU

National Petascale Computing Facility Reaches Substantial Completion

Netezza TwinFin Appliance Used for Data-Intensive Computing Applications at PNNL

Memristor Technology Holds Intriguing Promise

HP Labs this week announced advances in memristor technology that could fundamentally change the design of computing. Memristors could be the key that enables computers to handle the ongoing information explosion, where data from a slew of devices, both explicit and embedded, threatens to overwhelm our current computing limits.

So what is a memristor? According to the HP Labs announcement, it's "a resistor with memory that represents the fourth basic circuit."

If you're familiar with electronics, you will recognize the language. The trinity of fundamental components encompasses the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. In 1971, a University of California, Berkeley engineer, Leon Chua, predicted that there should be a fourth element: a memory resistor, or memristor. However, when memristors were first theorized 40 years ago, they were too big to be practical.

It was not until two years ago, in 2008, that researchers from HP Labs rediscovered Chu's earlier work. With the reduction of transistor sizes, even more capabilities of the memristor were realized due to the way properties behave at nanoscale.

What makes the memristor different from other circuits is that when the voltage is turned off, it remembers its most recent resistance, and it retains this memory indefinitely until the voltage is turned on again. It would take many more paragraphs for a full explanation, but if you are interested, I suggest this easy-to-understand primer at IEEE Spectrum Web site.

One of the advantages of memristors is that they require less energy to operate, and are already being considered as a replacement to transistor-based flash memory.

Researchers predict that in five years, such chips, when stacked together, could be used to create handheld devices that offer ten times greater embedded memory than exists today, and could also be used to power supercomputers for digital rendering and genomic research applications at far greater speeds than Moore's Law suggests is possible.

Memristors work more like human brains. In fact, Leon Chua explained that our "brains are made of memristors," referring to the function of biological synapses.

And according to R. Stanley Williams, senior fellow and director of Information and Quantum Systems Lab at HP:

Memristive devices could change the standard paradigm of computing by enabling calculations to be performed in the chips where data is stored rather than in a specialized central processing unit. Thus, we anticipate the ability to make more compact and power-efficient computing systems well into the future, even after it is no longer possible to make transistors smaller via the traditional Moore's Law approach.

The promises this technology offers sound almost to good to be true. If even half of what is promised holds true, than this will go down in history as one of the great breakthroughs in computer technology.

48-Core Intel Processor for Educational Purposes Only

Intel announced plans to ship "limited quantities" of computers with an experimental 48-core processor to researchers by the middle of the year. The 48-core processors will be shipped mainly to academic institutions, an Intel rep said during an event in New York on Wednesday. And while the chip will probably not become commercially available, certain features may make their way into future products.

PCWorld reported:

The 48-core chip operates at about the clock speed of Atom-based chips, said Christopher Anderson, an engineer with Intel Labs. Intel's latest Atom chips are power-efficient, are targeted at netbooks and small desktops, and run at clock speeds between 1.66GHz and 1.83GHz. The 48-core processor, built on a mesh architecture, could lead to a massive performance boost when all the chips communicate with each other, Anderson said.

The new processor reportedly has a power draw between 25-125 watts, and cores can be powered off to save energy or reduce clock speed. The chip touts better on-die power management capabilities than current multicore chips and comes with power-management software to help lower energy consumption depending on performance requirements.

During the Wednesday event, researchers demonstrated the processor's advanced power management features. While running a financial application, sets of cores were deactivated and the power consumption went from 74 watts to 25 watts in under a second.

The new 48-core chip is based on the 80-core Teraflop prototype created in 2007 by Intel's Tera-scale Computing Research Program. And that chip is a runner-up to the 48-core "Single-chip Cloud Computer" announced in December 2009, also a product of the Tera-scale Computing Research Program.

Those processors, however, were only prototypes and were never released into the wild. However, the 48-core chips announced this week are almost ready to leave the research nest, and will be released if not into the fierce corporate jungles at least into the relatively tamer academic habitat.